Difference between revisions of "UGTs through the genus Brassica"
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The ''Brassica'' genome has undergone two tetraploidy and two hexaploidy events, one more than ''Arabidopsis'', since the eudicot paleohexaploidy event which gave rise to ''Vitis'', ''Prunus'', ''Arabidopsis'', and ''Brassica''. | The ''Brassica'' genome has undergone two tetraploidy and two hexaploidy events, one more than ''Arabidopsis'', since the eudicot paleohexaploidy event which gave rise to ''Vitis'', ''Prunus'', ''Arabidopsis'', and ''Brassica''. | ||
====Triangle of U==== | ====Triangle of U==== | ||
| − | The "Triangle of U" theory describes the genetic relationship between six species of ''Brassica'': ''Brassica rapa'', ''Brassica nigra'', ''Brassica oleracea'', ''Brassica juncea'', ''Brassica carinata'', and ''Brassica napus''. ''B. juncea'', ''B. carinata'' and ''B. napus'' are allotetraploids, hybrids with four times the chromosome set of haploids. | + | The "Triangle of U" theory describes the genetic relationship between six species of ''Brassica'': ''Brassica rapa'', ''Brassica nigra'', ''Brassica oleracea'', ''Brassica juncea'', ''Brassica carinata'', and ''Brassica napus''. ''B. juncea'', ''B. carinata'' and ''B. napus'' are allotetraploids, hybrids with four times the chromosome set of haploids. [[File:Triangle_of_U.jpeg]] |
===UGT Gene Family=== | ===UGT Gene Family=== | ||
====UGT functions==== | ====UGT functions==== | ||
| − | Uridine diphosphate (UDP) glycosyltransferases (UGTs) mediate transfer of glycosyl residues from activated nucleotide sugars to acceptor molecules ([http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2012.00172/abstract '''Tang''', Unleashing the Genome of the ''Brassica rapa'']). They provide instructions for making enzymes that perform the process of glucuronidation, the addition of glucuronic acid to a substrate ([http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/geneFamily/ugt '''Genetics Home Reference''', UGT gene family]). | + | Uridine diphosphate (UDP) glycosyltransferases (UGTs) mediate transfer of glycosyl residues from activated nucleotide sugars to acceptor molecules ([http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2012.00172/abstract '''Tang''', Unleashing the Genome of the ''Brassica rapa'']). They provide instructions for making enzymes that perform the process of glucuronidation, the addition of glucuronic acid to a substrate ([http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/geneFamily/ugt '''Genetics Home Reference''', UGT gene family]). |
====UGT chemistry==== | ====UGT chemistry==== | ||
Revision as of 18:09, 29 January 2016
Contents
Introduction
The genus Brassica
The genus Brassica consists of over thirty wild species and hybrids or morphotypes. Generally, species from the genus Brassica are used in food like broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and more.
The Brassica genome has undergone more polyploidy than Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis thaliana is notable for being a model organism because of its complexity paired with a relatively small genome.
Duplication Events
The Brassica genome has undergone two tetraploidy and two hexaploidy events, one more than Arabidopsis, since the eudicot paleohexaploidy event which gave rise to Vitis, Prunus, Arabidopsis, and Brassica.
Triangle of U
The "Triangle of U" theory describes the genetic relationship between six species of Brassica: Brassica rapa, Brassica nigra, Brassica oleracea, Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata, and Brassica napus. B. juncea, B. carinata and B. napus are allotetraploids, hybrids with four times the chromosome set of haploids. File:Triangle of U.jpeg
UGT Gene Family
UGT functions
Uridine diphosphate (UDP) glycosyltransferases (UGTs) mediate transfer of glycosyl residues from activated nucleotide sugars to acceptor molecules (Tang, Unleashing the Genome of the Brassica rapa). They provide instructions for making enzymes that perform the process of glucuronidation, the addition of glucuronic acid to a substrate (Genetics Home Reference, UGT gene family).
UGT chemistry
By mediating transfer of glycosyl residues from activated nucleotide sugars to acceptor molecules, UGTs regulate properties of those acceptors such as bioactivity, solubility and transport within cells and throughout organisms (Ross, Higher plant glycosyltransferases).
